Process and apparatus for dispensing gasoline



Dec. 22, 1936. J O ElSlNGER 2,065,128

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING GASOLINE Filed Feb. 13, 1932 4 Sheets-$heet l Dec. 22, 1936. .1. o. EISINGER PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING GASOLINE Filed Feb. 13, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 v [ward 5r 6 John 025Lrzgen Dec. 22, 1936. J. o. EISINGER PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING GASOLINE 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. vl3

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PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING GASOLINE Filed Feb. 13, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 153 5 HM mummu f I 52 155/50 j165 7 INVENTOIR Jo/m 05454723? M3461. K-BM ATTORNEY Patented ec. 22, 193 6 so STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING GASOLINE John O. Eisinger, Hammond, Ind., assignor to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 11]., a corporation of Indiana.

Application February 13, 1932, Serial No. 592,694

13 Claims.

stant performance characteristics in accordance with the prevailing temperature at the time of dispensing.

Blended gasoline, as sold on the market of today, is usually prepared at the refinery by blending several types of naphthas until a gasoline has been obtained with the desired volatility characteristics and combustion properties most suited for the yearly average temperature prevailing in the section of the country where the gasoline is to be used. However, it has been found that gasoline with volatility and combustion characteristics suitable for summer will not be suitable for winter, and vice versa, as will be explained hereinafter. Some refineries make a winter gasoline for cold weather use and a summer gasoline for hot weather, that is, a gasoline having the most desirable combustion and volatility characteristics for the average temperature during the particular season. Generally, the winter gasolines are prepared so that about 15 to will distill at 158 F. These percentages may be varied somewhat but the above ranges give satisfactory results. The percentages of gasoline volatile at 158 F. gives a very satisfactory and ,convenie'nt indication of the performance characteristics of a gasoline with respect to starting and acceleration of'a motor vehicle.

It is apparent that the above methods for preparing gasoline adaptable to the average yearly or seasonal temperature prevailing at the place of consumption are not capable of producing a 40 gasoline that will be suitable for the high and low temperatures occurring during the year or during the summer or winter seasons. For example, the

average summer temperature for a particular section of the country may be about 75 F., but a many summer days may be as hot as 95 to 100 A gasoline which is prepared for use where the average temperature is about 70 F. should contain about 14% of hydrocarbons volatile at 158-F. and should have a Reid vapor pressure of about 8 to 10 pounds per square inch, but during the hot summer daysthe vapor pressure of such a gasoline will become very high. Consequently, when this gasoline is used on hot days the high vapor pressure will cause vapor locking in the fuel induction system and carburetor and will seriously interfere with engine operation or even cause the engine to stall. stalling is particularly apt to occur when the engine is running at idling speed, as at stop signals, railroad crossings, etc.

A winter gasoline may be prepared for use at an average temperature of about 40 F. but many winter days may be as cold as 0 F. A gasoline suitable for a temperature of about 40 F. should contain about 20% of hydrocarbons volatile at 158 F., but for use at 0 F. it must contain a much larger proportion of such light material, for example, about 34% of the hydrocarbons should be volatile at 158? F. If a gasoline which con tains about 20% of hydrocarbons volatile at 158 F. is used in a motor vehicle at about 0 F., great trouble will be encountered when starting said motor.

The above data relating to the percentages of gasoline that should be volatile at 158 F. in order that the gasoline will possess good combustion properties at various temperatures, were determined experimentally by using a large variety of blended fuels in automobiles and observing their starting and accelerating characteristics.

It is the object of my invention, therefore, to provide a process and apparatus for blending or mixing a plurality of naphthas at the dispensing pump and at the time of dispensing, so as to pro duce a gasoline with the most suitable performance and volatility characteristics for the temperature prevailing at the time of dispensing said gasoline. By blending the naphthas at the time of dispensing, the volatility of the gasoline can be accurately adjusted to conform with the prevailing temperature, and the resulting gasoline will have the most suitable performance characteristics for use at the existing temperature. Also, certain types of motor vehicles may require a special blend of gasoline, that is, a gasoline with a volatility at 158 F. which is above or below the volatility generally required for most motor vehicles, and by my invention I can easily adjust the dispensing pump so that a gasoline with the desired volatility can be supplied. l

My invention will be more clearly understood when the following description is read in connection with the following drawings in which:

Figure 1 represents an elevational view of an adjustable gasoline dispensing pump, showing the blending valve and naphtha storage tanks.

Figure 2 represents a vertical cross section of the blending valve and thermally responsive element for operating the said valve.

therein.

ing pump with a part of the casing removed to show the manually operated blending valve.

Figure 7 represents across-section of a part of the manually operated blending valve. Figure 8 represents a section taken along the line VIIIVIII. of Figure 6, showing the dial and operating mechanism for the manually operated blending valve.

Figure 9 represents an elevaticnal view of an adjustable gasoline dispensing pump, showing the i use of reciprocable proportioni-ng pumps- Figure 10 represents a plan view of the reciprocable proportioning pumps and mechanism for adjusting the'stroke of said pumps.

Figure ll'represents a section aken along the line XIX[ of Figure 9, showing t e screw, shifting lever and splined sleeve used for altering the stroke of the reciprocable proportioning pumps.

Figure 12'represents an ,elevational view of a. driving wheel and a slidable Figure 13 represents avertical cross section of the driving wheel, splined sleeve, and slidable yoke, all of which are used to alter the stroke, of the reciprocable proportioning pump.

Figure 14 represents a. section taken along the line XIV-XIV of Figure 13, showing the thrust bearing. Y Figure 15 represents a section taken along the line XV-XV of Figure 13, showing the siidable guide which is mounted in the driving wheel.

Figure 16 shows the ball bearing and race on the thrust bearing.

Figure 17 represents an elevational view of the fork used on they operating levers.

Figure 18 represents an end view of the fork used on the operating levers.

Briefly, the broad concept of my invention can be obtained from Figure 1 which shows a gasoline dispensing pump l0, comprising a meter and counting device H, a visible flow-gauge l2, and

a hose l3 leading to the hand controlled dispensing nozzle I4. A motor l5, located in the lower part of the dispensing pump, is adapted to' drive the rotary pump 06 by the belt or chain IT. The

. rotary pump draws light and heavy naphthas from the constant level supply tanks I8 and [-9 respectively tothe blending valve 20 where the two naphthas are mixed in proportions to give a gasoline with the most desirable combustion and volatility characteristics suitable for the prevailing temperature. The blending valve 20 is controlled in accordance with the prevailing atmospheric temperature, by the thermally responsive element contained in casing 2|. H I

The blending valve and thermally responsive element for regulating thesame is shown in detail in Figure 2. The blending valve 20 comprises threaded inlets 22 and 23 where the two naphthas pass into the blending valve, and an outlet 2% which leads to the rotary pump or propelling means 88. A tapered orifice 25;, formed by shoulders 26 and 21, is placed between each inlet 22 and 23 and the outlet EA. The two orifices 25' may be of the same diameter or they may have different diameters, depending upon the design of the blending valve. A valve rod 28, carrying the guide contained orifice plugs 29 and 38, passes lengthwise through the blending valve and is slidably mounted in the bearings 3|, 32 and 33. in position by the web member 34, as shown in Figures 2'and '4. The movement of the orifice plugs 29 and 30 in the orifices 25, provides the means for controlling the proportion of light and heavy naphtha that flows through the blending valve 20. Bearing 32 is supported by the member 32a, as shown in Figures 2 and 5. Bearing 33 is contained in the plug 35. which separates the thermally responsive element from the proportioning valves. The end of the valve rod that The bearing 3| is held rests in bearing 33, passes through the packing gland 36 and is rigidly fastened at 31 to the sylphon bellows 38, which may contain any suitable expansible liquid, vapor or gas. Instead of using the sylphon bellows type of thermally responsive element, any of the numerous well known temperature actuated devices may be used in place thereof. Also, any well known gearing device may be interposed between the sylphon bellows 38 and valve rod 28 so that a small movement of the bellows will causea greater lateral movement of the valve rod, ifdesired. The casing 2|, which may be of non-heat conducting the surrounding air causes the. sylphon bellows or thermally responsive element to expand and push the valve rod 28 to the left, viewing Figure 2, thereby moving the orifice plug 30 into the orifice opening 25, and decreasing the flow of liquid therethrough; also orifice plug 29 is moved away from the other orifice opening 25, thereby permitting an increase in the flow of liquid through said orifice. The reverse of theabove operation occurs whenpthe sylphon bellows contracts; caused by a decrease in atmospheric temperature. It should be understood that the orifice plugs 29 and 30 are adjustable on the valve rod 28 and may be adjusted so that the appropriate amount of naphtha willflow through each orifice when the thermally responsive element has expanded orcontracted response to a change in the atmospheric temperature.

The light and heavy naphtha storage tanks and 4! are usu'ally placed underground near the dispensing pump, or located where they can be easily refilled. The pipes 42 and 43 connect the storage tanks to their respective constant level supply tanks l8 and i9. A float check valve, 44 is placed on the end of pipe 42 which projects'into the constant level supply tank I8, and a similar float check valve 45 is placed on the end of pipe 43 which projects'into the constant level of tank l9. These float check valves control the flow of naphtha from the storage the level of naphtha in said tanks and connect said tanks with the blending valve 2t. Check gs valves 48 and 49 are placed in the pipes 46 and 41 respectively, near the entrance of said pipe into the constant level tanks, for the purpose of preventing the liquids from running back into the tanks when the pump I6 is not running. A vent I8a connects the constant level tank I8 with thestorage tank 49, and a similar-vent I9a connects the constant level tank I9 with the storage tank M.

When the dispensing pump is to be used, the valved nozzle I4 is removed from the hook la, the motor I5. automatically starts and drives the rotary pump I6, then as soon as the valve on the nozzle It is opened, the light and heavy naphthas are suckedfrom the tanks I8 and I9 through the blending valve 28 where the two are blended inproportions to give a gasoline mostsuitable for the prevailing temperature conditions. The mixture of naphthas, or gasoline, is then drawn up through the pipe 50 and into the strainer 5|, wherein any foreign material is removed and where further mixing may take place if necessary. The gasoline is then forced through the meter and measure device and out the dispensing nozzle I4. The orifice plugs 29 and 39, contained in the blending valves 20, are adjusted on the valve rod 28 so that the sylphon bellows will move'them into the proper position to give the proportions of naphthas needed to produce the gasoline possessing the most suitable combustion properties adaptable to the prevailing temperature. As the atmospheric temperature changes from hour to hour or day to day, the thermally responsive element 38 is accordingly actuated and thereby varies the proportions of light and heavy naphtha that passes through the blending valve 20. The design of the orifice plugs 29 and 39 or the design of the orifices 25 may be varied so as to effect the amount of flow of naphtha through the orifices. The proportioning valves, which I'refer to as an orifice plug and orifice, can be calibrated or set by adjusting the orifice plugs 29 or 30 or by varying the For a gasoline to have good performance characteristics, such as easy starting and quick ac;- celeration, the initial boiling point should be at about 95 F.,'- the end boiling point should be at about 400 F., and the Reid vapor pressure should not exceed eight pounds. But the most important point between the initial boiling point and the end boiling point is the amount of gasoline that is volatile at 158 F. The amount of gasoline, or the amount of hydrocarbons, volatile at this temperature in order to 'givea fuel with good starting and quick acceleration characteristics varies with the temperature at which the gasoline is to be used. For gasolines that are to be used at low temperatures, the amount volatile at 158 F. should be greater than for gasolines used at higher temperatures. For example,

' the following data shows how a light and heavy naphtha may be blended so that the'gasoline produced thereby will possess the desired volatility and performancecharacteristics for different temperatures atwhich the gasoline is to be used. Table I shows the Engler distillation of'the twonaphthas that may be blended in order to obtain a performance controlled gasoline.

Table I Heavy Light naphthaevaporated evaporated The following table shows the proportions for blending the above light and heavy naphthas, so that the volatility of the gasolineat 158 F. will be most suitable for the temperature at which the gasoline is to be used.

It should be'understood that the above two tables are given as one example for blending naphthas'and are not to be considered as limitations upon the scope of this invention. The above light and heavy naphthas may be blended in other proportions and the percent of hydrocarbons volatile at 158 F. may be varied, but the above tables illustrate blends which give satisfactory results. Also, if naphthas are used that have different Engler distillation characteristics than those shown in Table I, the proportions-to be blended must be chosen so that the desired amount of gasoline will be volatile at 158 F.-. Also, instead of using the 158 point as an index for blending light and heavy naphthas, other points may be chosen, but I have found the 158 point to be a reliable index as to the performance characteristics of a gasoline.

As a modification of my invention, the amount of heavy naphtha used for blendingmay be constant,v and the amount of light naphtha may be varied sothat the volatility of the mixtureat 158 F. will'conform with the above Table II,'

orto any other desired volatility. Also, the proportions of light naphtha may be constant and the proportion of heavy naphtha may be varied so that the volatility of the mixture at 158 F. will conform with the above Table II, or to any other desired volatility.

Instead of blending the naphthas at various temperatures in relation to their volatility, the

naphthas may be blended at the prevailing temperature to produce gasoline with a Reid vapor pressure that obviates vapor locking. I Table III gives the approximate proportions of the light and heavy naphthas shownin Table .I that may be blended to'produce a gasoline .with a desirable Reid vapor pressure for the prevailing temperature. The light naphtha of Table I has a Reid of 6.4 lbs. per sq. inch at 100 F. 1

' Table III gg Reid vapor Percent of Percent of i fif pressure in heavy light naphtha 6 is to lbs/sq. in. naphthain m the g behspd at 100 F. the gasoline gasoline 20 19. 1 1 99 3O 17. 3 13 87 40 15. 6 22 78 5O 14. 0 34 66 12. 5 44 56 ll. 1 55 45 so 9. 8 67 33 8. 6 77 23 7. 5 88 12 6. 5 99 1 The above table is given as one example for blending naphthas in relation to Reid vapor pressure, and it should be understood that the proportions given in Table III are not to be construed as a limitation upon the scope of the invention.- Also, if light and heavy naphthas other than those shown in Table I are used for blending, theproportions of said naphthasmay be adjusted in order to give thevapor pressures indicated in the second column of Table III, or any other desired series of vapor pressures.

Figure 3 shows a modification of the invention which comprises twin pumps 52 for forcing the naphthas through the blending valve 20.-- These I pumps are driven by a motor 53 through the belts or chains 54. When the lift from the supply tanks to the dispensing pumps is great, it

.will be found more desirable to force the naphtha through the blending valve, as shown in Fig-- ure 3, instead of sucking the naphtha through the blending valve, as shown in Figure 1.

The pumps and motors shown in Figures 1 and 3 may be entirely eliminated if gravity feed is used instead of forced feed. In that case the supply storage tanks are placed above the level;

of the dispensing pump and the pipe lines 86 and 4'! lead directly from the storage tanks to a suction pump may be placed on the exhaust side ,of the blending valve for example', one similar to that shown in Figure 1, or twinpumps may be used to force the naphtha through the blending valve, for example, pumps similar to those shown in Figure 3. The naphthas flow into the blending valve, shown in Figure 6, in

the same manner as described above with reference to the blending valve shown in Figure 1 and are mixed in proportion according to the setting of the proportioning valves.

Figure 7 shows a blending valve similar to the one shown in Figure 2, except that it is manually operated. The left side of the blending valve. viewing Figure '7, is the same as the blending valve shown in Figure 2. The right end of valve rod 28, viewing Figure '7, is provided with female threads which are adapted to engage the male threads on the rod 55. Rod 55 rests in the bearing 56 contained in the cap 51, which is tightly screwed on the end of the blending'valve 20.

A packing 58 or any other suitable means is placed. about the bearing 56 on theinside of the blending valve to prevent naphtha from escaping through the bearing 56, and a collar 59 is rigidly secured to the rod 55 adjacent the bearing 56 and on the exterior of the'blending valve for the purpose of preventing any lateral movement of the rod 55. The end of the rod 55 that projects to the exterior of the blending valve is, provided with a beveled gear 60 which is adapted to engage with a suitable operating means hereinafter described. The orifice plug 30 may be of the same design as those shown in Figure 2,

' or it may be designed as shown in Figure 7.

' by moves the valve rod 28 and the orifice plugs,

which are attached thereto, back and forth in a horizontal direction, depending upon the direction of rotation of the beveled gear 60. In order to limit the horizontal displacement of the rod 26 and to prevent any rotational movement of said rod 28, a tongue 6| projects into a small groove 62 contained in the top part of rod 28,

thereby-limiting the lateral displacement of the rod 28 to the length of the groove 62. Also the engagement of the tongue 6 I with the slot 62, prevents any rotational movement of the valve rod 28.

The above manually'operated blending valve is operated by a dial knob 63 rigidly attached to the shaft 64, which is mounted in the bearing 65 attached to the casing of the dispensing pump, as shown in Figures 6 and 8. The end of the shaft 6fi'is provided with a beveled gear, 66 which engages a second beveled gear 6'! attached to the shaft 68. vided with a beveled gear 69 which engages the beveled gear 60 attached to the rod 55; Shaft 68 is rotatably mounted in the bearings 10 and H, which are supported by the brackets 12 and 13 attached to the casing of the dispensing pump. Any upward or downward movement of the shaft 68 is prevented by the collars M and 15 attached to said shaft and-oh opposite sides of the bearings '10 and M respectively.

The dial knob 63 is mounted in the center of the dial l6, and a pointer fl is attached to the knob and adapted to pass around the dial. A

thermometer I8 is mounted adjacent the knob and dial so that the prevailing temperature can be observed on the thermometer and a corresponding setting can bemade on the dial '16, which adjusts the blending valve and admits the proper proportions of light and heavy naphtha to flow through the blending valve so as to. give a gasoline with the most desirable operating prop.- erties for the prevailingtemperature, For example, if the temperature is 90 F., the blending valveZO is calibrated so that a setting of ninety on the dial 16 will give a blend of 76% heavy naphtha and 24%.of light naphtha, as shown in Table II. Also if the temperature observed on the thermometer is 20 F., the blending valve is so calibrated that a setting of twenty on the dial 16 will give a blend of 26% heavy naphtha and 74% of light naphtha, as shown in Table II. It should be understood that the above ratios of light and heavy naphthas are 'given as examples and that other ratios may be used, and if naph- The lower end of the shaft 68 is prothose shown in Table I are used, it will be necesseated. A piston 94 is disposed in the cylinder s'aryto vary the proportions of naphthas blended. Also it should be understood that the dial 16 may be calibrated on any basis desired, forexample, it may be calibrated to show the proportions of light and heavy naphtha that are being blended at a particular temperature.

A further modification of my invention is shown in Figure 9 which comprises the use of adjustable proportioning pumps. Briefly, by this modification, two reciprocable proportioning pumps are used to pump the light and heavy naphthas from the .light and heavy naphtha storage tanks respectively, and a means is provided whereby the length of the stroke of the pistons of each pump may be varied, thereby making it possible to vary the proportions of naphtha discharged by each pump for blending purposes. Adetailed description of this modification is given below.

A suitable frame 19, which is mounted on the base plate 80, is provided to support the various parts of the dispensing pump hereinafter mentioned. Conduits 8| and 82 lead to suitable naphtha storage tanks which may be similar to those shown in Figure 1'. scription, conduits 8I and 82 will be referred to as the conduits for light and heavy naphthas respectively. The heavy naphtha conduit 82 connects with the Y 83, which leads to the two intakes of the reciprocable proportioning pump 84. The right and left intakes of the proportioning pump 84, viewing Figure 9, are commanded by check valves 85 and 86 respectively, and said valves are enclosed in housings 81 and 88 respectively. Valves 85 and 86 are pivoted at 89 and 90 respectively and are adapted to rest upon thevalve seats 9| and 92 respectively; said valves swing upwardly about their respective pivots when a suction is created in the end of the cylinder 93 above each valve, otherwise the valves remain 93, and a piston rod95 is rigidly attached to said piston and is adapted to impart a rectilinear motion to piston 94. The piston rod is slidably mounted in bearing 96. The mechanism for operating the reciprocable proportioning pump will be described hereinafter. The right and left outlets of pump 84, viewing Figure 9, are commanded by valves 91 and 98 respectively, and said out let valves are enclosed in housings 99 and I respe'ctively.- Valves 91 .and 98 are pivoted at MI and I02 respectively and are adapted to rest upon'the valve seats I03 and I04 respectively; said valves swing upwardly about their respective pivots' when a slight pressure is created in the end of the cylinder 84 beneath each valve, otherwise the valves remain seated. Conduits I 05 and I06 lead from the outlet valves 91 and 98 respectively and terminate in the conduit I01, which leads to the conduit I08 where the naphtha from the heavy naphtha proportioning pumps is mixed or blended with the naphtha from thelight naphtha proportioning pump I 09.

The proportioning pump I09 draws the light naphtha in through line 8| and inlet valves H0 and III, and forces the naphtha through the For the purpose of this de-.

I20 drives the shaft I2I which leads to the speedreducing box I22. A pinion I23 is rigidly fastened to the main driving shaft I24 and is adapted to engage with a low speed driving gear in the speed reducing box I22. Driving shaft I24 is mounted in the bearings I25 and I26, which are supported by the frame work I21 that is fastened to the base plate 80 by bolts I28. A driving wheel I29 is rigidly fastened to one end of the driving shaft I24 and a. similar driving wheel I30 is rigidly fastened to the other end of said shaft. Each driving wheel is provided with a radially extending slot I3I, as shown in detail in Figures 12 and 13. Each slot begins at a short distance fromthe center of the driving wheel and extends almost to the periphery of said wheel.- Also each slot lies in the same plane and at an angle of 180 to each other. This relative position is clearly shown in Figure 9. Figure 15' shows a guide I32, which is made of two parts and held together by the bolts I33, slidably mounted in slot I3I of the driving wheel I30. A similar guide is slidably mounted each slot and through the guides I32, thereby.

providing a slide for said guides in their respective slots. Also the side ends I35 of the guides I32 project beyond the width of the respective slots and form grooves in the sides of said guides, said grooves further aid the guides in their movements within the slots I 3|.

Crank pins I36 and I36 (see Figures and 13), are rigidly attached to the respective guides I32 which are mounted in the driving wheels I30 and I 29. The crank pin I36 contained on the guide mounted in the driving wheel I 30, as shown in Figure 10, is pivotally connected to the piston rod 95 of pump 84 by connecting rod I31, and the crank pin I36 contained on the guide in the driving wheel I29 is connected to piston rod 95' of pump I09 by the connecting rod I38. Any type of pivot connection I39 and I39 may be used for connecting the piston rods 95-and 95' to the respective connecting rods I31 and I38. By moving the slidable guides I32 toward the periphery of the driving wheel, the length of the stroke of the respective pistons will be increased, and by moving the slidable g'uides toward the center of the driving wheel, the length of the stroke of the respective pistons will be shortened. The longer the stroke the greater will be the discharge of-naphtha from the pump per stroke; also, the shorter the stroke the smaller will be the discharge of naphtha from each piston per stroke. Therefore, by adjusting the length of the piston strokes, the

proportion of naphtha pumped from the storage tanks, and forced into the discharge line I08 may be varied so as to produce a gasoline of any desired blend.

In orderto carry out the process described in this application, it is necessary to provide a means whereby the stroke of one piston can be made longer than ,the stroke of the other, so that different proportions of naphtha can be blended as shown in Table'II. The mechanism suitable for adjusting the length of the piston strokes comprises two splined sleeves I40 and MI mounted on the main drive shaft I24, a plan view of said sleeves and related mechanism is shown in Figure 10, and a cross section ofthe sleeve I4I is'shown in Figure 13. f

Links I42 connect the respective splined sleeves I40 and MI with the slidable guides in the driving wheels I29 and I30. Since both splined sleeves and mechanism for operating the same are identical, the further detailed description will be given in connection with Figure 13, which shows a vertical cross section of the splined sleeve MI and related mechanism for operating said sleeve. The same legends will be used on similar parts nototherwise mentioned. The link I 42 is pivotally connected to the splined sleeve MI and slidable' guide I32 by pins I43 and I44 respectively. A key I45 is placed in the main drive shaft I24 so that the splined sleeve II will rotate with the drive shaft I24, but at the same time the sleeve can be moved lengthwise on said shaft. A shifting yoke, generally referred to by legend I46, is adapted to engage with the splined sleeve I4I for the purpose of moving the said sleeve back and forth along the driving shaft of the annular groove I5I', thereby forminga double thrust bearing, The ball bearings I 52 and I52 may be of any suitablejtype, for example, a ball bearingrace I53, as shown in Figure 16,

may be provided between the bearing surfaces of the ring I50 and the side walls of the groove I5I. By moving the shifting yoke I46 back and forth along the main driving shaft I24, the splined sleeve is moved in a similar manner, thereby causing the guide I32 to be moved up or down in the slot I3I. It should be understood that a splined sleeve and shifting yoke, as'above described, is used on each of the proportioning pumps for varying the length of the strokes the respective pumps.

The mechanism for actuating the shifting yokes' comprises shifting levers I54 and I55, (see Figures 9 and 11), which are pivotally mounted on the hearing pivots I56 and I51 respectively. Since the mechanism for actuating the splined sleeves I40 and MI and related elements is the same, the description of this mechanism will be given in connection withlever I 54 which is shown in Figure 11. The same legends will beused on similar parts not otherwise mentioned. One end of the lever I54 pivotally engages the slot I58, which is attached to the yoke I46, and the other end of said lever terminates in a fork I59, (see Figures 17 and 18 for detailed drawings). The bearings I56 and I51 are supported by the members: I60 and I6I, respectively, fastened to the frame 19.,

The shifting yoke comprises a by permitting the block I63 to move up or down for the purpose of compensating for the arcuate movement of the fork I59 when the lever I54 pivots about the bearing I56. One of the prongs of fork I59 can-be removed by withdrawing the screws I66, thereby providing a means whereby the block I63 can be fitted into the fork. The screw I 62 is mounted in the bearing I61 contained on the support clamped to the frame 19. The right end of the screw I62, viewing Figure 11, terminates in a pinion I69. It should be understood that a lever and screw arrangement, as above described, is used I68, which is. rigidly on each of: the splined sleeves and related mechanism. A large gear I10 is rigidly fastened to one end of the shaft I1I which isv mounted in the bearing I 12 and is adapted to engage the two pinions I69 and I69 as shown-in Figure 9. The

right end of shaft I1 I, viewing Figure 11, projects to. the exterior of dispensing pump casing I13 and terminates in a hand knob I14, thereby providing a means for turning the shaft HI and large gear I10. A pointer I15 is fastened to the knob I14 and is adapted to pass around the dial I16 which is coaxial with said knob.

'In the operation of the reciprocable proportioning pump shown in Figures 9 to 1'1, the motor I20 operates the driving wheels I29 and I30 through the speed reducing box I22 and pinion I23. The, pistons in pumps 84 and I09 are connected to the driving wheels I30 and.- I29 respectively, as shown in Figure 10, through the piston rods 95 and95' and the connecting rods I31 and I38 respectively. The driving wheels impart a rectilinear motion to the piston of the heavy naphtha pump 84 and light naphtha pump I09. The pump 84 draws heavy naphtha in through conduit 82, and the pump I 09 draws light naphtha in through line 8|. If the length of the strokes of the light and heavy'naphtha pumps are the same, each pump will discharge an equal quantity of naphtha into the blending line I08 where the two naphthas will be blended and led through the meter H1 and dispensing hose II 9. The operation of the valves on the inlets and outlets of pumps 84 and I09 is well known to any skilled mechanic and will only be briefly described.

When the piston in the heavy naphtha pump 04 is moving to the right, viewing Figure 9, and the piston in the light naphtha pump I09 is moving to the left, valves 90 and H0 open and permit heavy and light naphthas to be drawn into pumps '84 and I09respectively; the valves 91 and II 3 inpumps 84 and, I09 respectively, open and permit the heavy vand light naphtha to be forced into lines I01 and H6 respectively. During the above operation, valves 85, 98, III, and H2 remain seated. When the pistons in the above two pumps are moved in the reverse direction, the valves that were opened become seated, and the valves that were seated, are opened. Any suitable type of valves may beused in combination with the above pumps instead of the pivottype hereinabove described.

In order to .vary the proportions of heavy and light naphtha propelled by the heavyand light naphtha pumps, 'it is necessary to vary the length of the strokes of the respective pistons. With my invention this can be accomplished by turning the knob I14. When the knob I14 is turned in a clockwise direction, the large gear I10 is likewise turned in a clockwise direction and said large gear imparts a counter clockwise movementto pinions I69 and I69. The counter clockwise movement of pinion I69 causes the shifting le r I54 to move the splined sleeve I4I towards the driving wheel I30, thereby causing the guide I32 and crank pin I36 contained on the driving wheel I 30 to be moved towards -the periphery of said driving wheel. The closer the crank pin I36 is to the periphery of the driving wheel I30, the longer will be the stroke of the piston in pump 84 and consequently the greater will be the amount of heavy naphtha discharged by said pump. Also by the same clockwise movement of the large gear I10, a counter clockwise movement is imparted to the pinion I69 and the lever I55 will move the splined sleeve I40 away from the driving wheel I29, thereby causing the guide I32 and crank pin I36 contained in the driving wheel I29 to-be moved towards the center of said driving wheel. The closer the crank pin I36 is to the center of driving wheel I29, the shorter will be the stroke of the piston in pump I09 and consequently the smaller will be the amount of light naphtha dischargedby said pump. It should be clear that the reverse of the above movement occurs when the knob I'I I is turned in a counterclockwise direction. By use of the above mechanism, the amount of heavy and light naphtha discharged from the heavy and light naphtha pumps can be varied so that a gasoline of any desired blend or volatility can be dispensed from the dispensing pump. The dial I16 may be calibrated so that the setting thereon will adjust the proportioning pumps 84 and I09 to dispense a gasoline that will have the desired combustion and volatility characteristics suitable for the prevailing temperature. For example, the dial IIG may be calibrated so that a setting of will adjust the pumps 84 and I09 to dispense a gasoline with the desired combustion characteristics suitable for use at the temperature of 90 F. The proper proportions of light and heavy naphtha needed to produce a gasoline with the desired volatility and combustion characteristics for a given temperature are shown in Table II. Thev above reciprocable proportioning-pumps can be adjusted to produce the blends set forth in Ta: ble II.

As another modification of my pump 84 may be set to propel a constant quantity of heavy naphtha; whereas pump I09 is adjustable and can propel any proportion'of light naphtha. By this modification the combustion and volatility characteristics of the blended naphthas dispensed from the pump are varied by increasing or decreasing the amount of light naphtha blended with the heavy naphtha.

Various types of proportioning means may be used to carfy out the process of simultaneously blending and dispensing naphthas in conformity with the temperature prevailing at the time of dispensing; but the hereinabove apparatus are examples of satisfactory means for'carrying out the process- Also light and heavy naphthas may be blended in proportions other than those set forth in Table II, but the proportions therein set forth are satisfactory for blending naphthas to produce a gasoline with the most desirable combustion and volatility characteristics.

My invention has been described with reference to a process and apparatus for blending a plurality of naphthas with different volatilities in order to prepare a gasoline with a volatility intermediate that of the naphths, but it should be understood that I may use a plurality of naphthas or motor fuels that have any particular property or properties, and that these naphthas or motor fuels may be blended in proportions to produce a gasoline invention the with properties common to the initial material or materials, for example, I may blend benzol and/or alcohol with naphtha at the dispensing pump in accordance with the prevailing daily temperature in order to produce gasoline with a predetermined volatility, such as shown in Table II or III. Also, benzol and/or alcohol may be blended with naphthato produce a gasoline with any property intermediate that of the initial-materials.

I have described my invention with reference to preferred examples, but they are not to be construed as limitations upon the scope of my invention, except as set forth in the following claims.

I claim:

1. A gasoline dispensing pump for blending a plurality of naphthas to obtain a product having a predetermined volatility'and dispensing said product, comprising in combination a plurality of containers for liquid naphthas, a thermally responsive proportioning means, conduits connecting each container with said proportioning means, said proportioning means being operated in response to the atmospheric temperature for increasing the proportion of one of said naphthas and decreasing the proportion of the other naphtha, an exit conduit for transferring the blended product from said proportioning means and a propelling means for moving said naphthas from the containers to the proportioning means through said exit conduit.

2. A dispensing device for replenishing the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine with a motor fuel having substantially constant performance characteristics at the temperature prevailing at the timeof replenishing said tank comprising, in combination, a source of light naphtha, a source of heavy naphtha, a proportioning pump for propelling the light naphtha, a second proportioning pump for propelling the heavy naphtha, a temperature sensitive mechanism responsive to changes in atmospheric temperature, means for simultaneously increasing the amount of naphtha propelled by one of said pumps and decreasing the amount of naphtha propelled by the other pump in accordance with the action of said temperature sensitive mechanism, and conduits for conveying the light and heavy naphtha from said pumps to a dispensing conduit.

. 3. A device for proportioning and mixing a plurality of volatile hydrocarbon motor fuels, comprising,.in combination; a container for each of.

said volatile fuels, a proportioning and mixing means, a conduit connecting each container with said proportioning and mixing means, a thermally responsive means in said proportioning and mixing means for simultaneously increasing the proportion of one of said motor fuels and decreasing the proportion of the other motor fuel in response to the prevailing atmospheric temperature, means for moving the motor fuels from said containers to said proportioning and mixing means, and a conduit for transferring the liquids from said proportioning and mixing means.

4. In combination with a gasoline dispensing pump comprising a measuring and recording device, and a dispensing conduit connecting with said measuring device; two supply tanks for naphthas, a proportioningmeans consisting of two orifices, a conduit connecting each tank with an orifice, a thermally expansible and contractable means for proportioning the flow of fluid through each orifice in response to the prevailing atmospheric temperature, and a conduit leading from said orifice and communicating with said measuring device.

5.. The method of replenishing the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine with a motor fuel which comprises the following substantially simultaneous steps: withdrawing from separate sources a'relatively light liquid fuel and a relatively heavy liquid fuel, mixing said fuels: in predetermined proportions to obtain a combustible liquid motor fuel having the characteristics required for uniform performance of the internal combustion engine at the temperature prevailing at-the time of dispensing and discharging said fuel into the fuel tank.

6. The process of replenishing the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine with a motor fuel having substantially uniformstarting characteristics at different atmospheric temperatures which comprises the substantially simultaneous: steps of withdrawing from separate sources liquid fuels having different starting characteristics, mixing said fuels in different proportions for each temperature to which said internal combustion engine is subjected at the time of replenishing to obtain a combustible liquid motor fuel having the starting characteristics required for the internal combustion engine at the time of replenishing the fuel tank, and simultaneously discharging said motor fuel into said fuel tank.

7. The process of replenishing the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine with a motor fuel having a different volatility at different seasonal temperatures, which comprises the substantially simultaneous steps of withdrawing from separate sources a light liquid fuel having a, volatility above that required for said engine and a second liquid fuel having a volatility below that required for the engine, mixing said fuels in proportions determined by'the prevailing seasonal temperature, the proportion of the heavy fuel increasing with the temperature, to obtain a combustible liquid motor fuel having the volatility required for the best performance of the internal combustion engine at the time of replenishing the fuel tank, and

discharging said motor fuel into said tank.

8. A gasoline dispensing pump for blending a plurality of naphthas to obtain a fuel having a predetermined volatility and dispensing said fuel, comprising, in combination, a plurality of supply tanks for naphthas, a conduit leading from each of said tanks and terminating in a blending valve provided with a plurality of adjustable orifices, means associated with said blending valve for increasing or decreasing the fiow of naphtha through one of said orifices in respect to the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time of dispensing said motor fuel, an exit conduit for transferring the blended naphthas from said blending valve, and a propelling means for moving said naphthas from the containers to the pro- I portioning means and through said exit conduit.

9. A gasoline dispensing pump for blending a plurality of naphthas to obtain a motor fuel,

- comprising, in combination, a plurality of supply tanks for naphthas, a conduit leading from each of said tanks and terminating in a blending valve provided with a plurality of adjustable orifices, means associated with said blending valve for increasing or decreasing the flow of naphtha through said orifices in response to the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time of dispensing said motor fuel, an exit conduit for transferring the blended naphthas from said through one of said orifices and decreasing the flow of naphtha through the other orifice in response to the prevailing atmospheric temperature, an exit conduit 'for transferring the blended naphthas from said blending valve, and propelling means for moving said naphthas from the containers tothe proportioning means and-through said exit conduit,

11. The method of dispensing a motor fuel to automotive equipment wherein a characteristic of said motor fuel is made to vary'as desired in conformity with changes in atmospheric temperature prevailing at the time of dispensing, comprising simultaneously withdrawing fuels from= at least two separate supplys, each supply containing a fuel of constant composition but of different characteristics from the other fuel supply, combining the fuels in a proportion automatically determined by the prevailing temperature and different for each temperature, metering the-resulting fuel and transferring it to the fuel tank of said automotive equipment substantially simultaneously with said combining and metering operations.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the characteristic which is made to vary in conformity with the atmospheric temperature is the Reid vapor pressure.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the char acteristic which is made to vary in conformity with the atmospheric temperature is the volatility as indicated by the percent evaporated at 158 F. in the AS. T. M. distillation test.

- JOHN O. EISINGER. 

